SAT Beginner - smart.fm の例文で見つけた、めったにお目にかかれない英語の単語、または語源が興味深いもの。正確な記述であることは保証しない。
Here are Englilsh words listed on SAT Beginner - smart.fm. You know, you rarely run into some of these words. They are thrilling with regard to Indo-European etymology. The notes written here might not be correct. Encode characters on EUC-JP if they've got garbled.
word | etymology | brothers and sisters |
advocate - 主唱者, 支持者 | ad = for, forward vocate = voice, to call どこかに向かって声をあげる人 |
vocal, vocabulary, vocation, provoke, revoke, equivocal |
auditor - 監査人, 聴講生 | aud = to hear | audio, auditorium |
conjunction - 連結, 合同 | con = with junction = joint |
|
bias - 偏見, えこひいき | bias = slant | |
diverse - 多様 | di = apart verse = to turn, change 離れた別の方向を向く |
verse, version, versatile, advertise, anniversary, conversation, convert, divorce, reverse, universe |
commodity - 物資, 産物 | com = together, with mod = manner 共に様式を備えたもの |
mode, model, modest, modern, modify |
tempt - 誘惑, そそのかす, ためす | Old English, to try | attempt |
arouse - 目を覚まさせる | a = (intensive prefix) | |
submission, submit - 服従, 従順 | sub = under mit = to throw, send 下のほうに投げる |
missile, message, commit, intermission, omit, permit, promise, transmit |
conviction - 説得, 有罪判決, 確信 | con = thoroughly vict = to conquer 完全に征服する |
victor, victory, convince |
convey - 伝達, 運ぶ | con = together, with vey = way |
via, voyage, convoy, invoice, previous |
pursue, pursuit - 追求, 追跡, 続行 | pur = forth, forward, before su = to follow |
sequence, consequence, execute, suit, suite |
sacred - 神聖 | Middle English "sacren" (to consecrate) Anglo-French "sacrer" Latin "sacrare" |
sacrifice, sacrament, sanction, sanctuary, saint |
compliance, comply - 遵守, 追従 | com = with, together ply = to fill, full |
plenty, amplify, complete, supply, accomplish, complement |
aspiration - 大志, 志望 | a = ad = to spir = to breathe 何かに向かって気を吐く |
spirit, conspire, expire, inspire |
competent - 有能 | com = with, together pet = to fly, seek |
appetite, compete, repeat |
decisive - 確固 | de = off cide = to cut |
decide, concise, precise, suicide |
disgust - 嫌悪 | dis = apart gust = to taste |
|
retrieve - 回収, 回復, 探して持ってくる | re = again trieve = trouver = to find |
|
concession, concede - 譲歩 | con = with, together cede = to go, come 共に向かう |
access, exceed, excess, intercession, precede, proceed, process, recession, succeed |
formidable - fear, terror, dread, 手ごわい, 恐るべき | Middle French | |
opponent - 敵対者 | op = ob = against ponent = to put, settle |
postpone, component, compound |
sheer - bright, clear, complete, 純然, 透き通る | Old Norse | |
coherent - 明瞭, 筋が通る | co = with, together herent = to stick 共に密着して結びつく |
hesitate, inhere |
arbitrary - 任意, 独断 | arbit = judge? | |
ambiguous - 紛らわしい, 曖昧 | amb = about, around, on both side igu = to drive |
ambition |
peripheral - 周囲, 周辺 | peri = around, round, about pher = to carry |
periscope, period |
denounce - 非難 | de = down nounce = to report |
announce, rennounce |
ramble - 漫然, とりとめのない動き | Middle English "ramblen" (to roam) | |
affinity - 親近, 密接 | af = ad = to, at, for fin = final |
|
articulate - 明瞭 | Latin "articulatus" (joint) | article |
inflict - 負わせる | in = upon flict = to strike |
conflict, afflict |
allegiance - 忠誠, 献身 | al = ad = to leg = law |
|
assay - 検査, 分析 | essay = essai = trial, attempt | essay |
preside - 管理, 主宰 | pre = before side = to sit 前の席に座る |
president, resident, session, assess, posess, consult |
humble - 謙虚, 身分が低い | hum = ground | humiliate (to make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people) |
apprentice - 見習い | ap = ad = to prentice = to catch, hold 徒弟として捕らえておく? |
prison, comprehend, prize, apprehend, enterprise |
cumulative - 増加, 累積 | cumulus = a pile of sth not arranged well | |
demise - 死亡, 消滅, 譲与 | de = away mise = to send, throw |
missile, mission, message, admit, commit, omit, permit, submit, transmit |
novice - 初心者, 未熟者 | relation to "new, novus, nova" | |
swift - 素早い, to move quickly | Old English | |
famine - 飢饉 | fames = hunger | |
dubious - 半信半疑 | dub = double, two 2つの方向に動く |
doubt, double |
paradigm - 判例, 典型 | para = beside, beyond, against, contrary digm = to show |
paradox, paragraph, parasol, parallel, parasite, parody |
sinister - 不吉, 邪悪 | Old French "sinistre" (contrary, unfavorable, to the left)? | |
coronation - 戴冠, 即位 | corona = crown | |
mural - 壁, 壁画 | Latin "muralis". | |
cultivate - 耕す, 育てる | Middle Latin "cultivatus" | culture, agriculture, colony |
punitive - 罰 | pun = to punish | punishment, penalty |
preclude - 排除, 防止 | pre = before clude = to shut 前もって遮断する |
conclude, include, exclude |
diversion - 気をそらすこと, 娯楽, まぎらわし, 牽制 | di = apart vers = to turn |
advertise, conversation, universe |
latent - 潜在 | Latin "latentem" (be hidden). | |
suffice - 足りる, 満足 | suf = under fice = to make, do |
fact, facility, effect, infect, perfect, efficient, profit, office, affair, feature |
curator - 園長, 管理者 | cure = to take care | accurate, cure, curious, secure |
exacerbate - 悪化 | ex = fully acerb = sharp, tip |
acute, acrobat, acronym |
discrepancy - 不一致 | dis = apart crepare = to crack, rattle |
|
legion - 多数, body of soldiers | leg = to gather, choose, read | elegant (chosen), intelligent (chosen from two), legend (to be read), lecture, collect, select, elect, intellect |
finite - 有限 | fin = to end | fine, final, finish, finance, define |
ratify - 批准, 承認 | rat = to calculate, settle | reason, ratio, rate, reason |
devastate - 荒廃, 打ちのめす | de = fully vast = waste |
|
tangible - 有形, 具体的 | tang = to touch 触れることのできる具体的なもの |
tactics, contact, integer, attain |
implicate - 巻き込む | im = in pli = to fold |
apply, imply, reply, replica, complicate, complex, exploit, display, employ, simple, duplicate, diploma, diplomacy, triple, multiple |
commend - 賞賛 | mend = to order, entrust | recommend, command |
alleviate - 緩和 | lev = light, to raise | lever, elevate, relevant, relieve |
catalyst - 触媒 | Greek "katalyein" (to dissolve) | |
turmoil - 大混乱, 動揺 | Perhaps an alteration of Middle French "tremouille" (mill hopper) | |
menace - 威嚇, 脅威 | Old French, Latin "menecia" | |
paramount - 最高 | para = per = by, to the hill mount = up |
|
efficacy - 効力 | ef = out fic = to make, do |
suffice, fact, facility, effect, infect, perfect, efficient, profit, office, affair, feature |
defiance - 抵抗, 挑戦 | de = apart fi = to trust |
fidelity, faith, confident |
volatile - 揮発性, 不安定 | French, Latin "volatilis" Relation to "volcano"? |
|
defuse - 信管を抜く, 鎮める | de = away | |
truce - 停戦 | Middle English "trewes", plural of "trewe" (agreement). Old English "trēow" (fidelity). |
|
relinquish - あきらめる, give up | re = back linquish = to leave |
|
augment - 増大 | aug = to increase, make to grow | auction, author, authentic |
stringent - 厳格 | string = to draw tight | strain, straight, strict, stretch, district, restrict |
qualify - to invest with a quality, 資質, 資格を得る(与える) | Relation to "quality". | quality |
parole - 仮出所, word of honor | French "parole" (word, speech) | |
discern - 識別 | dis = apart cern = to separate |
concern, secret |
contentious - 好戦的 | Adjective of "contend" (to fight, compete) | |
endow - 授ける | en = on dow = to give |
donate, pardon |
cerebral - 知的 | Relation to "cerebrum" (brain) | |
canine - 犬 | Originally means "pointed teeth". | |
remuneration - 報酬 | re = back munerate = to give |
|
benign - 温和 | Old French "benigne". | |
barrage - 弾幕, 続出, 連発 | Old French "barre" | bar, barricade, barrier, embarrass |
immaculate - 無傷, 完璧 | im = in = not maculate = to be spotted |
|
indispensable - 不可欠 | in = not dis = apart pens = to hang, weigh |
pendant, pending, expense, suspend, pension |
eradicate - 根絶 | e = ex = out radi = root 根こそぎ引きずり出す |
radical, radish |
conformity - 服従, 従順 | con = together form = to form |
|
remand - 差し戻す | re = back mand = to order, entrust |
command, commend, demand, recommend |
assimilate - 同化 | as = ad = to simil = like, same |
similar, simulate, assemble, resemble |
abduct - 拉致 | ab = away duce = to lead |
conduct, educate, introduce, produce, reduce |
peril - 危険 | peri = to go through 危険なところを通り抜ける, 経験する |
expert, experiment, experience |
adorn - 飾る, 引き立たせる | ad = to orn = to furnish |
ornate |
compelling, compel - 人をひきつける, 説得力がある, 余儀なくさせる | com = with pel = to drive |
compulsion, propel, appeal, pulse, impulse |
anecdote - 逸話 | an = not ec = out dot = to give 表に出てこなかった話 |
donate, endow |
procure - 調達, 売春婦斡旋 | pro = for, forth, in behalf of cure = to take care |
accurate, cure, curator, secure |
compulsion - 衝動, 強制 | com = with puls = to drive |
impulse, compel, propel, appeal, pulse |
dissident - 反対者 | dis = apart sid = to sit |
assessment, session, resident, president, possess, subsidiary, exile |
barren - 不毛 | From Anglo-French? Celtic origin? | |
indignation - 憤慨 | in = not dign = worthy 価値がないものに対する感情 |
dignity, dignify |
wrench - ねじるもぎ取る | Old English | |
thief - 泥棒 | Old English | |
innate - 先天的 | nat = born | nature, nation, naive |
cadet - 士官候補生 | et = little | |
prolific | Proto-Indo-European "pro-al-" pro = for, forth, in behalf of al = to grow, nourish |
|
transcend - 超越 | trans = beyond scend = to climb |
ascend, scan, scale, escalate |
haste - 迅速 | Middle English | |
postulate - 要求, 主張 | Latin "postulatus". Sanskrit origin? |
|
relegate - 追放, 左遷 | re = back, away leg = to appoint, send 招いていたものを送り返す |
legacy, delegate |
affluent - 裕福 | af = ad = to flu = to flow 水が豊かに流れる |
fluent, fluid, influence, influenza |
treacherous - 裏切り, 不誠実 | Old French | |
vengeance - 報復, 復讐 | venge = to punish | revenge |
engender - ひきおこす, 発生させる | en = in, into gender = to generate Relation to "gender"? |
|
expatriate - 国外追放, 海外在住者 | ex = out patriate = father 父なる祖国から出る |
patriot, patron |
propagate - 繁殖 | pro = for, forth, in behalf of pagate = to fasten |
propaganda |
bolster - 支持, 励ます | Old English | |
impede - 邪魔する | im = in, into pede = foot 足手まといになる |
pedal, pedestrian |
rogue - いたずらっ子 | Thieves' slang? From Latin "rogare" (to ask)? | |
ubiquitous - 遍在 | ubi = where qui = any, also, every |
|
malignant - 悪性 | mal = badly, ill | malicious, malware |
tumor - 腫瘍 | Latin "tumere" (to swell) | |
adversary - 対戦相手 | ad = to vers = to turn 向かい合う相手 |
version, advertise, diversion, conversation, vertical, universe |
abide - とどまる | Old English | |
hue - 色彩 | Old English | |
futile - 無駄 | fut = to pour こぼすから無駄になる |
confuse, refuse |
provocative, provoke - 刺激, 挑発, 誘発 | pro = for, forth, in behalf of voke = to call |
vocal, vocabulary, vocation, provoke, revoke |
hypocrisy - 見せかけ | hypo = under Greek "hypokrisis" (acting on the stage) |
|
hegemony - 主導権 | Greek "hegemonia" (leadership) | |
conspire - 共謀 | con = together spir = to breathe 息を合わせて謀る |
spirit, aspiration, expire, inspire |
complacency - 無頓着, 現状に満足 | com = wholly place = to please |
|
defeat - 打ち負かす | de = down feat = to make, do |
manufacture, affect, infect, effect, perfect, magnificent, office, feature |
pretense, pretence, pretend - 見せかけ, 装う, 熱望 | pre = before tend = to stretch |
tend, tent, tender, attend, contend, extend, intend |
inflate - 膨張, 増長 | in = in, into flate = to blow |
|
grandeur - 壮大, 威厳 | grand | |
sporadic - 揮発性, 散発的 | spora = seed, spore (胞子) Middle Latin "sporadicus" (scattered) |
spore |
wrath - 激怒 | Old English Adjective "wroth" |
|
contain - 封じ込める, 含む | con = with tain = to hold, keep |
content, continue, tenant, tenor, entertain (enter = among, within), maintain (main = manus = hand), obtain (ob = near), retain (re = back), sustain = (sus = sups = up) |
afflict - 苦しめる | af = ad = to flict = to strike |
conflict, inflict |
atrocity - ひどいもの, 残虐行為 | Latin "atrocitatem" (cruelty) Proto-Indo-European origin. |
|
obsolete - 時代遅れ | ob = against sol = solere (to be accustomed) |
|
ominous - 不吉, 悪い兆しがある | Relation to "omen" | |
salient - 顕著, 突出, 噴出 | sal = to leap | salmon, assault, result, insult |
arid - 乾燥 | Latin "aredere" (to burn) | |
covert - 内密 | Relation to "cover" Old French |
|
divergence - 逸脱, 分岐 | di = apart verge = to incline, turn, bend |
|
myriad - 無数 | Middle French "myriade" Late Latin "myriadis" (ten thousand) |
|
zeal - 熱意 | Relation to jealousy Late Latin "zelus". |
|
thrive - 成功, 繁茂 | Old Norse | |
combustion - 燃焼 | com = wholly Old French "combustion" |
|
amenable - 従順 | a = ad = to men = to lead Relation to Hebrew "amen"? |
|
yearn - 切望 | Old English "geornan, giernan, giorna" | |
fraught - 重荷を背負う, 緊張, 不安 | Middle English "fraughten" (to load a ship with cargo), "fraght" (cargo, lading of a ship) | |
remedial, remedy - 治療, 矯正 | re = (intensive prefix) medi = to heal |
medical |
blatant, blat = 騒々しい, 露骨 | Latin? or devided from "blead"? | |
ornate - けばけばしく飾り立てる | orn = to furnish Latin "ornatus" (adorned) |
adorn |
incumbent - 義務, 寄りかかる, 現職 | in = into, in cumb = to lie down Middle Latin "incumbentem" (holder of a church position) |
|
defer - 延長, 先延ばし | de = dis = apart fer = to carry, bear |
ferry, fertile, conference, differ, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer |
defer, deference - 服従, 敬意 | de = under fer = to carry, bear 人の下で耐える |
ferry, fertile, conference, differ, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer |
terrestrial - この世, 地球 | terr = earth | terrace, territory, Mediterranean |
liturgy - 礼拝, 典礼文 | Middle French "liturgie", Late Latin "liturgia" (public service, public worship) | |
alloy - 合金 | al = ad = to loy = to bind |
league, oblige, rally, alliance, liability |
culmination, culminate - 最高点, 成就, 達する | Late Latin "culminatus, culmin, culmen" (to crown, peak, summit) |
column |
devious - ずるい, 本来の道を外れる, 曲がりくねった, ひねくれた | de = away vi = way |
via, voyage, convoy, invoice, previous, convey |
ritual - 儀式, 日常茶飯事 | Latin "ritualis" | |
endemic - 地方や民族特有 | en = in dem = people |
democratic, epidemic |
disparate - 異種 | dis = apart parare = to get ready Meaning influenced by Latin "dispar" (unequal, unlike)? |
prepare, repair, separate |
austere - 厳格, 禁欲的 | Latin "austerus" (severe, harsh) | |
nerve - 勇気づける unnerve, unnerving - おじけさせる, 狼狽 |
Latin "nervus" | |
malnutrition - 栄養不良 | mal = badly nutrition = Latin "nutritionem" |
nourish, nurse |
boon - 恩恵 | bene (contrary to "male", "mal") = well, good | benefit, bonus, bounty |
impinge - 侵害, 衝突 | im = in pinge = pangere = to fix, fasten |
impact, compact |
ceaseless - 絶え間ない | cease = to go slow, delay less = vain 絶えず行く Old French "cesser", Latin "cessare" |
|
heed - 注意 | Old English | |
mitigate - 軽減 | Latin "mitigare" (to soften) | |
limb - 四肢, 突出部 | Middle English "lim" | |
meticulous - 細心を払う | Latin "meticulosus" (fearful, timid, full of fear) | |
obliterate - 抹消 | ob = against liter = littera = letter |
|
amiable - 気立ての良い | am = to love | amateur, enemy |
espouse - 採用, 支持, 妻にする | Middle English from Anglo-French "espuser", from Late Latin "sponsare", from Latin "sponsus" | spose (wife or husband), sponsor |
practice - 習慣, 慣例 | to do, act, perform habitually Old French "practiser" |
|
dormant - 休眠 | dormir = to sleep | dormitory |
anomalous - 変則 | Latin "anomalus", Greek "anōmalos" (uneven) an = not omalus = homalos = homos |
|
discursive - 散漫 | dis = apart currere = to run |
discourse, course, current, cursor, occur, curriculum |
infamous - 悪名高い, 不名誉 | in = not fam = to speak, talk |
fame, infant, fatal |
waning - 徐々に弱まる | Proto-Germanic "wanojanan" | vain |
poignant - 心を打つような, 心に突き刺さる | Latin "pungere" (to prick, sting) | punch, point, punctual |
concise - 簡潔 | con = with cise = to cut |
decide, suicide |
enigmatic - 不可解 | Latin "ænigma" (riddle) | enigma (known as to Nazi Germany before and during World War II) |
veer - 進路変更, 方向転換 | Middle English "veren" Low German or Dutch origin |
|
spurious - 偽り, 擬似 | Latin "spurius" (false, illegitimate 非嫡出子) | |
allege, allegation - 陳述, (根拠のない)主張, 申し立て | al = ad = to leg = law |
legal, privilege |
stigma - 不名誉 | stinct, sting = to prick, sting 罪人への焼印 |
sting, stick, distinguish, distinct, instinct, stimulate |
empathy 共感, 同情 | em = in path = feeling, to suffer |
passion, patient, compatible, pathos, antipathy, sympathy |
buttress - 支え, 控え壁 | Old French "boutrez" (plural of "bouter") | buttress - Google Image Search |
pervade - 隅々まで広まる | per = through, thoroughly vade = to go |
invade |
acclaim - 喝采 | ac = ad = to claim = to cry, shout |
claim, exclamation mark |
collusion - 共謀, 談合 | col = com = with, together lusion = to play |
illusion, prelude |
allude - ほのめかす, 言及 | al = ad = to lude = to play |
prelude, collusion, illusion |
equivocal - どっちつかず | equi = equal voc = voice, to call どちらにも同じことを言う |
vocal, vocabulary, vocation, provoke, revoke, advocate |
unequivocal - 疑いの余地がない | un = not equi = equal voc = voice, to call 「どちらにも同じことを言う」の否定 |
vocal, vocabulary, vocation, provoke, revoke, advocate |
craven - 臆病 | Old French "cravante" (defeated)? | |
distraught - 錯乱状態 | dis = apart tract = to draw Latin "distractus", influenced by cought, bought, brought? |
distract, attract, contract, extract |
deflect - 反れる, 反らす | de = off, apart flect = to bend |
inflect, reflect, flexible |
degenerate - 悪化した, 退化した | de = down gener = race, to produce |
gene, general, generate, genesis, genius, gentle, pregnant, hydrogen |
exemplary - 模範的, 賞賛に値する | ex = out em = to take |
exmaple, exempt, prompt |
discremination - 差別 | dis = apart crimin = space 隔てた空間をつくる |
|
equation - 平衡状態, 方程式 | equ = equal | equal, equator, equivocal, unequivocal |
summarize - 要約, 集約 | sum = highest | summit |
throne - 王位, 王座, 便座 | Old French "trone" Latin "thronus" |
Last updated May 26th, 2009.